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Scientific Inquiry

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U.S. National Parks and Bioprospecting
A new policy will allow the U.S. national parks to share in the profits of private companies whose scientific breakthroughs are based on organisms harvested there.
Tickling in the Laboratory
Natural tickling cannot be duplicated in the laboratory. As a result, research on tickling has been limited by the experimental methods chosen.
Ethics and Experimental Therapy
Medicine is often seen as an experimental science, and the use of placebos is common practice. But what happens when the proposed treatment relies on fake surgery?
Hypothesis Testing Explained Simply
Hypothesis Testing is used to check whether there is or is not likely to be a difference between one or more data sets. It is the cornerstone of all statistical testing.
Posthumous Prizes for Foolhardiness
Some people seem compelled to undertake terrifyingly inane exploits that lead to them paying the ultimate price.
Only Nazis Need Regulation?
At the Doctors' Trial, Nazi physicians claimed that their medical abuses should be excused as they had acted no differently than U.S. doctors. Was their allegation true?
The Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis
For almost 40 years, the U.S. Public Health Service studied syphilis in African American men without telling them that they were being experimented upon.
The Lady Macbeth Effect
Researchers are finding evidence that people associate white with moral purity and black with its opposite.
Annual Ig Nobel Awards
A ceremony is held at Harvard University to parody the prestigious Nobel Prizes to honour more dubious achievements than those recognized in Stockholm.
Ethical Codes After Nuremberg
The Nuremberg Code of 1947 set forth 10 basic principles regarding human experimentation, but the medical profession needed something less legalistic and more practical.
Cancer in a Handbag
Nearly 20 years after the Nuremberg Code, a New York physician named Chester Southam injected live cancer cells into patients without their consent.
Does Handwriting Really Reveal Personality?
Handwriting analysis claims that personality can be understood by examining the individual components of handwriting. Does it work or is it just pseudoscience?
Nazi Detention Camps
With the rise of Adolf Hitler to power, the Nazis allowed German physicians to conduct unethical medical experiments on concentration camp prisoners.
The Milgram Experiment
The need to respect authority is ingrained from an early age, but sometimes blind obedience to authority has a destructive influence on ethics and moral decision making.
Persuasive Research Uses a Triangular Approach
When you get a writing job that needs to be researched it is best to include more than one method of data analysis. This article provides an overview of good practice.
Medical Ethics in Nazi Germany
By 1933, German medicine had become increasingly politicized as physicians openly endorsed National Socialism as a means to purge society of undesirable influences.
Medical Ethics in Germany Before 1933
The Nuremberg Code (1947) is considered the starting point for human experimentation ethics, but strict guidelines and medical regulations existed in Germany before 1933.
Experimentation on Vulnerable Populations
Prior to the adoption of the Nuremberg Code, most human experimentation was performed on vulnerable people who were least likely to give voluntary consent for research.
How DNA Sequencing Began
Techniques that allowed for the rapid determination of the order of the nucleotide bases in a molecule of DNA started a new era in scientific research.
Occam's Razor and Scientific Certainty
The simpler the explanation the better. This theory is otherwise know as KISS. It is also the basis of Occam's razor. This is a theory about evidence and method.
Medicine in Colonial America
Zabdiel Boylston, the first American surgeon, is remembered for introducing variolation to Colonial America despite strong opposition from the local medical profession.
How To Fake Stigmata
For centuries, so-called "stigmatics" have amazed believers with their miraculous wounds, but skeptical analysis points to fraud.
Medicine in the Age of Enlightenment
The Age of Enlightenment promoted reason and scientific knowledge, but sometimes new medical treatments were suggested by influential patients and not physicians.
The Evolution of Medicine in Europe
Following the advances proposed by Avicenna in the 11th century, medical experimentation languished during the Middle Ages and throughout the Age of Reason.
Medicine in Ancient Islam
Following the decline of the Greek and Roman civilizations, the next major advance in medical experimentation came from a Persian physician named Avicenna.
The Origins of Human Experimentation
The practice and ethics of human experimentation is not a modern phenomenon, but has origins in ancient medicine and culture.
Thomas Percival's Code of Medical Ethics
The medical profession existed for thousands of years before the first code of medical ethics was accidentally developed in 1794.
Humans no Match for Zombies
Two universities have concluded through mathematical modelling that zombies would beat humans in combat.
Anatomy, Ethics, and the Pernkopf Atlas
Although the Pernkopf Atlas has been used by physicians for almost 70 years, allegations about the artists and the models have raised disturbing ethical questions.
How to Measure Osmolarity
Harness the power of water pressure by learning to calculate molecular content.
The Best Science Magazines for Busy People
Scientific knowledge advances rapidly and changes lives. These publications will keep you up-to-date, without soaking up too much time.
How to Perform a t-Test in Matlab
Matlab is one of the most popular, powerful statistical software programs available. Running a basic t-test in Matlab helps determine significance between groups.
An Introduction to Intellectual Property Rights
A general introduction to intellectual property rights (IPR), which summarizes the types of IPR and its relevance in today's world.
The Use of Animals for Research
The use of animals for scientific research is a controversial topic. There are, however, a number of committees involved in ensuring the ethical treatment of animals.
Statistical Testing in Scientific Research
Statistical tests help establish the reliability and significance of experimental data
How do Scientists Design Valid Experiments?
Modern science was born with the realization that hypotheses must be tested with valid experiments that yield trustworthy data.
How Does Science Work?
Investigative science should be viewed as a cyclic, not linear endeavor.
The Nature and Characteristics of Science
In simplest terms, science is the search for natural truths.
Fun Meets Learning at EcoTarium, Worcester, MA
Interested in fresh water ecosystems? Captivated by minerals and gems? If so, the EcoTarium is the museum where guests are are encouraged to learn.
Analyzing DNA by Southern Blot
Identifying specific pieces of DNA in a complex mixture is readily accomplished using a method developed by Dr. Edwin Southern, and the technique bears his name.
Feynman, Religion, and Skepticism
Scientists are trained to employ logic to examine and test claims. While science and religion have, at times been in opposition, some attempt to marry these concepts.
Skepticism Applied to Religion
Many would argue that science and faith are incongruent, even at odds. Logic and rational examination of religion could possibly bridge gaps and foster understanding.
Ethics of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
The recently discovered induced pluripotent stem cells, or IPS cells, seem to be just as promising as embryonic stem cells without any of the ethical drawbacks.
Are Pets Telepathic?
A California-based experiment seems to show that dogs know when their owners are on their way home.
What Is Western Blotting?
To study the distribution and behavior of proteins in extracts prepared from cells or tissues, methods based on detection using specific antibodies are widely used.
What Is Nano?
Nano is popularly considered as a revolution in science and technology, but there are controversial opinions about the future of this newly born field of study.
The Future Prospects of Nanotechnology
Consumers can benefit from the science of nanotechnology, especially in the field of medicine, but more research is needed on the side-effects of nanoparticles.
Drug May Help Remove Bad Memories
Neuroscientists are getting closer and closer to unlocking the mysteries of how the human brain works.
Scientists Use Virus to Generate Electricity
The idea of generation of electricity from batteries powered by viruses might seem a little bit far-fetched, akin to what people read in science fiction.
The World's Best Scientific Discoveries
Scientists over time have made incredible discoveries that have helped others understand the way the world works. Here are some of the best ones.